(CNN) — Here's some background information about volcanoes, mountains that open downward to a reservoir of molten rock. Facts: More than 80% of the Earth's surface, both above and below sea level, is ...

Fluid inclusions in volcanoes are dominantly composed of carbon dioxide. At magmatic temperatures — 2,192 degrees — the density of the carbon dioxide strongly depends on pressure, which is influenced ...

Many Hawaiʻi Island communities downwind from the eruptive vents in the southwest portion of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater inside the ...

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is part of the U.S. Geological Survey, the science agency of the U.S. Department of Interior. Our job is to obtain and share science-based information about the ...

The National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System, or NVEWS, was first authorized by congress in 2019 to be established within the United States Geological Survey. NVEWS serves as a critical ...

When the crew aboard the research vessel Sonne set out on a cruise last spring, they were expecting a routine mapping expedition in the South Pacific. But they were in for a big surprise. They ended ...

Lava is molten rock from a volcano that reaches the Earth’s surface. Liquid rock below the Earth’s surface is referred to as magma. More than 50% of the world’s active volcanoes above sea level ...

Here’s a look at volcanoes, mountains that open downward to a reservoir of molten rock. More than 80% of the Earth’s surface, both above and below sea level, is of volcanic origin. Lava is molten rock ...