Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

The structure of a key enzyme involved in protein production is revealed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Using cryo-EM, researchers at Goethe University (Frankfurt, Germany) shed light on ...

Although DKPs are noteworthy bioactive molecules, there are few characterized DKP biosynthetic pathways. In almost all known cases, synthesis of the cyclodipeptide constituting the DKP scaffold is ...

Molecular biology has transitioned to a new era where precise genetic manipulation plays a critical role in research, medicine, and biotechnology. Among the vital tools in this field are cloning ...

In the avalanche of research being generated on the human microbiome, it’s important to take a step back and think about the many basic facts of the system that we don’t know anything about. One ...